FCPA laser ablation can be used to generate nanoparticles, with dimensions of 10′s of nanometers, directly in liquid solvents. The properties of the nano-material can be controlled by varying the laser and processing parameters. IMRA has developed a technique for generating nanoparticles in solution, without the use of surfactants or other additives. With a clean, uncontaminated surface, it is possible to conjugate different molecules to the particle surface to produce bio-active nanoparticles.